☰ Year plan · Science

Gold, recycling and lab safety

Week 14 · Chapter 10: exercises and Review & Practice; Column: The Science of Change; Lab Safety and Professional Tools · 3 lessons
1

Gold that never fades

Science P6: Term 1, Chapter 10, pp. 86–91
GoalExplain why gold stays shiny while some other metals dull, rust or tarnish.
New words
tarnish · to become dull or dark on the surfacerust · the red-brown coating that forms on ironstable · not easily changed by other materials
Explanation

Metals change in different ways over time. Iron turns red-brown and flaky when it rusts. Silver slowly turns dark, and copper turns dull and later greenish. Gold is different. Gold does not react with most acids or with air and water, so it stays bright for a very long time. That is why the golden mask of Tutankhamun is still shining after more than three thousand years. The ancient Egyptians loved gold partly for this reason, and also because it is soft enough to shape. We say that gold is a stable metal: it does not easily change into something else. The metals that do change are not bad. They simply react more easily with air, water and acids, and a protective paint or coating can slow this down.

iron: rustsgold: stays bright
Worked examples
Salma’s grandfather has an iron gate by the sea. It has rust spots, so he paints it every few years to protect it.
A silver spoon in a drawer turns dark after many months. That is tarnish. Polishing removes it.
MetalAfter a long time
ironrusts
silvertarnishes (dark)
copperdull or greenish
goldstays bright
A gold ring can be dug out of the ground after hundreds of years and still look bright.
Class activity

Bright or dull? With a grown-up, look around the house for metal things: a spoon, a coin, a key, a tin, a ring. Write which ones are bright and which are dull or spotted, and guess why. Do not use any strong cleaner.

Practice
1
Name a metal that rusts.
2
Why does gold stay bright?
3
What is tarnish?
4
Is a rusty gate wasted? How can we slow rust?