Lessons 3–4 · 2 lessons · M. Lafasov, U. Jo‘rayev, E. Xoliqov, D. Qodirova. Jahon tarixi (World history), Grade 9, revised 3rd edition. “O‘qituvchi” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2014
4
The Third Republic in France and the uprising of 18 March 1871 (Paris Commune)
Textbook: pp. 18–20
GoalExplain the proclamation of the Third Republic, the founding of the German Empire, the Paris Commune and the Treaty of Frankfurt.
New words
the French republic proclaimed on 4 September 1870 · Uchinchi RespublikaParis Commune: the city’s revolutionary self-government in March–May 1871 · Parij KommunasiNational Guard: armed citizen militia of Paris · Milliy gvardiyaindemnity: payment made by the defeated state · tovon
Explanation
News of Sedan led to an uprising in Paris, and on 4 September 1870 France was proclaimed a republic (the Third Republic); a government of national defence was formed under General Trochu. Paris was besieged by the Prussian army and the government surrendered. On 18 January 1871 in the Palace of Versailles Germany was proclaimed an empire, Wilhelm I emperor, and Bismarck became chancellor. When Thiers’s government tried to disarm the National Guard, an uprising began in Paris on 18 March; in the 26 March election the Paris Commune was formed. It introduced measures such as separating church and state and free education, but government troops entered Paris from 21 May and crushed the Commune on 28 May (72 days); thousands were killed or imprisoned. On 10 May 1871 the peace treaty was signed in Frankfurt: France was to pay an indemnity of 5 billion francs and cede Alsace and north-eastern Lorraine to Germany.
Worked examples
Date–event pairs: 4.09.1870 – Republic; 18.01.1871 – German Empire; 18.03.1871 – uprising in Paris; 10.05.1871 – Treaty of Frankfurt; 28.05.1871 – the Commune ends.
Why did the Commune fall? It did not pursue the government, the rest of the country did not support it, the council lacked unity, and Germany helped the government.
Class activity
“Timeline”: write the events of 1870–1871 on six cards and put them in order.
Practice
1
When was the Third Republic proclaimed in France?
On 4 September 1870.
2
Where and when was the German Empire proclaimed?
On 18 January 1871 in the Palace of Versailles in France.
3
What did France have to do under the Treaty of Frankfurt?
Pay 5 billion francs and cede Alsace and part of Lorraine to Germany.
4
Why did this treaty harm Franco-German relations in the long run?
Losing the rich provinces fuelled resentment and a wish to recover them in France, increasing mistrust in Europe.