Lessons 17–18 · 2 lessons · M. Lafasov, U. Jo‘rayev, E. Xoliqov, D. Qodirova. Jahon tarixi (World history), Grade 9, revised 3rd edition. “O‘qituvchi” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2014
18
Other states of Latin America
Textbook: pp. 63–65
GoalExplain the abolition of slavery and the republic in Brazil, and the situation in Argentina and Central America.
New words
abolitionism: the movement to end slavery · abolitsionizmthe “Golden Law” (1888) that ended slavery in Brazil · «Oltin qonun»immigration: arrival of settlers from other countries · muhojirlikCentral America · Markaziy Amerika
Explanation
At the end of the 19th century Brazil was one of the largest states of the region, and its economy on the plantations relied on slave labour. The abolitionist movement against slavery grew; on 13 May 1888 Princess Isabel signed the “Golden Law” abolishing slavery (there were then about 750 thousand enslaved people). After that republicans gained strength: on 15 November 1889 the military proclaimed a republic, Emperor Pedro II left the country, and the 1891 constitution named the country the United States of Brazil. In Argentina the government opened a national bank, attracted immigrants from Europe and passed a law on immigration and colonisation in 1876; Indigenous lands were taken. Foreign, chiefly British, capital flowed in, and workers began to campaign for an eight-hour day. In Central America US influence grew: Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua united in 1895–1896 as the Greater Republic of Central America, but the union was short-lived. In 1914 the Panama Canal opened.
Worked examples
Brazil’s dates: 1888 – slavery abolished; 1889 – republic proclaimed; 1891 – constitution. The monarchy fell a year after slavery ended.
Immigration in Argentina: settlers from Europe were given land; hundreds of thousands came in a short time. It helped economic and urban growth.
Class activity
“From slavery to freedom”: compare the years slavery was abolished in Brazil and the USA and state the difference.
Practice
1
In which year and by which law was slavery abolished in Brazil?
In 1888, by the “Golden Law”.
2
When was the republic proclaimed in Brazil?
In November 1889 (15 November).
3
What was done to attract European immigrants to Argentina?
Immigration was encouraged and land was given under the 1876 law.
4
Why do you think republicans grew stronger in Brazil after slavery was abolished?
Planters were dissatisfied with the monarchy and the military and townspeople wanted a new system.