Lessons 58–60 · 3 lessons · A. Qayumov, I. Safarov, M. Tillaboyeva, V. Fedorko. Geografiya (World economic and social geography), Grade 9, revised and expanded 5th edition. “O‘zbekiston” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2019
60
General review
Textbook: p. 165
GoalReview the main ideas learned during the year and draw comparative conclusions about world regions.
New words
developed and developing countries · rivojlangan va rivojlanayotgan davlatlarinternational division of labour · xalqaro mehnat taqsimotipopulation density · aholi zichligieconomic-geographical position · iqtisodiy-geografik o‘rin
Explanation
In this lesson you bring together the topics learned during the year. The world political map, the groups of states by form of government and level of development, natural resources and environmental problems, population size, composition and distribution, the world economy, its branches and international ties – all of these are the basis for describing a state. The plan for describing any state is always the same: economic-geographical position, government, natural conditions and resources, population, economy. Comparing the states of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas shows general patterns: rich resources do not by themselves bring wealth, technology and skilled people matter; where water is scarce people gather along rivers and in oases; sea access and roads make trade easier; natural hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes, drought) affect the economy. Figures change quickly, so always check them in up-to-date sources. Some data in the textbook date from 2018 and are out of date now; supplement the descriptions in this lesson with new data.
Worked examples
Pattern: Singapore and Japan have few resources but are rich through technology and ports; Nigeria is oil-rich but wealth depends on diversified branches.
Pattern: in Egypt and Uzbekistan people gather in river oases because in a dry climate life is where the water is.
Class activity
Choose one state and write 5 sentences following the description plan, then compare it with a classmate’s state on 3 features.
Practice
1
Write the plan for describing a state (five points).
Economic-geographical position, government, natural conditions and resources, population, economy.
2
Name the most populous state of three continents.
Asia – India; Africa – Nigeria; America – the USA (South America – Brazil).
3
Why does being rich in resources not make a state automatically rich? Give an example.
Using resources needs technology, capital and skilled people; for example many African states sell raw materials, while Japan is rich despite having few.
4
Why must statistical data be updated often?
Populations, GDP, borders and systems change over time; old figures lead to wrong conclusions.