☰ Contents · Mathematics

Natural numbers and simple geometric figures

Lessons 1–2 · 2 lessons · B.Q. Khaydarov. Mathematics Grade 5, Parts 1–2. Revised and expanded third edition. Tashkent, 2020
2

Simple geometric figures

Textbook: Part 1, lesson 2, pp. 10–15
GoalTell a point, a line, a ray and a segment apart; measure a segment; find the perimeter of a triangle.
New words
point · nuqtaray · nursegment · kesmaperimeter · perimetr
Explanation

A point is the simplest geometric figure and has no length. Through any two points of a plane only one line can be drawn; it goes on forever in both directions. A point on a line splits it into two rays; a ray has a beginning but no end. The part of a line limited by two points is called a segment and has a definite length. Lines that do not intersect are called parallel. The sum of the side lengths of a triangle is called the perimeter of the triangle.

Worked examples
1 m = 100 cm and 1 km = 1000 m. So 2 m 35 cm = 200 cm + 35 cm = 235 cm.
Point C lies on segment AB, AC = 7 cm, CB = 9 cm. Then AB = 7 + 9 = 16 cm. A triangle with sides 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm has perimeter 5 + 7 + 9 = 21 cm.
Class activity

“Ruler expert”: pairs first guess the length of a notebook, a pencil and an eraser by eye, then measure with a ruler and say how far off they were.

Practice
1
How many lines can be drawn through two points?
2
How many centimetres is 3 m 45 cm?
3
A triangle has sides 8 cm, 11 cm and 6 cm. Find its perimeter (cm).
4
What is the difference between a ray and a segment?