Lessons 2 · 1 lessons · U. G‘afurov, Q. Sharipov. Basics of Entrepreneurship: textbook for Grade 11 of general secondary schools and for secondary specialised and vocational institutions. 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston” publishing house, Tashkent, 2018
2
Types and forms of entrepreneurship
Textbook: pp. 9–13
GoalDistinguish the types of entrepreneurship (production, commercial, financial, insurance), explain the features of each, apply the method of rating a type, and get to know the forms of entrepreneurship.
New words
production entrepreneurship: making goods or providing services for sale to consumers · Ishlab chiqarish tadbirkorligicommercial entrepreneurship: reselling goods and services; retail, wholesale and intermediary work · Tijorat tadbirkorligifinancial entrepreneurship: activity connected with trading money and securities · Moliyaviy tadbirkorlikinsurance activity: protecting against financial loss from unexpected events · Sug‘urta faoliyati
Explanation
A type of entrepreneurship is distinguished by the direction of activity, the sphere where capital is invested and the result. In production entrepreneurship a good or service is created, so material resources such as premises, equipment and raw materials are needed most. Commercial entrepreneurship rests on reselling goods: the basic rule is that the selling price is higher than the purchase price, and capital is needed mostly as working funds. Financial entrepreneurship is connected with money and securities and requires special knowledge and permission; insurance activity sells protection against unexpected losses and is one of the highest-risk types. When choosing, you can rate features such as the need for material resources, financial resources, risk level, and special knowledge and permits on a scale of “low — 1, significant — 2, high — 3” and compare the totals. Besides the type, a form must be chosen too: individual, collective and corporate forms exist, which we study in the next lessons.
Worked examples
Production: Madina opened a small workshop that packs dried-fruit and honey gift boxes. She creates the product herself, so this is production entrepreneurship.
Commerce: Akmal buys potatoes at the wholesale market at 4 000 so‘m per kg and sells them retail at 5 200 so‘m per kg. Because he resells without changing the product, this is commerce; the difference is 1 200 so‘m per kg.
Class activity
Scoring table: groups of four choose two imaginary ventures (for example a furniture workshop and an online resale shop), give 1–3 points on the four features, add the totals and justify the points to classmates. Say in one sentence which one came out more complex and why.
Practice
1
By which features is a type of entrepreneurship distinguished?
By the direction of activity, the sphere of capital investment and the result of the activity.
2
Classify by type: a) sewing leather bags; b) buying books wholesale and selling to bookshops; c) a service insuring property against fire loss.
a) production; b) commercial; c) insurance activity.
3
Why is analysing the market in advance important in commercial entrepreneurship?
Profit comes from the difference between selling and buying price; buying goods without knowing demand and prices may leave them unsold and cause a loss.
4
A shop owner bought an item at 36 000 so‘m and sold it at 45 000 so‘m. What is the difference per item in so‘m?