☰ Contents · Computing

Copying and graphs

Lessons 3–4 · 2 lessons · N. I. Taylaqov (general editor), A. B. Akhmedov, M. D. Pardayeva, A. A. Abdug‘aniyev, U. M. Mirsanov. Informatics and Information Technologies, Grade 10, 1st edition. “Extremum-Press”, Tashkent, 2017
3

The advantage of copying when using references

Textbook: pp. 10–12
GoalKnows the ways of copying a formula and builds a whole table from one formula using a mixed reference.
New words
fill handle: the small square at the lower-right corner of a cell, dragged to copy · to‘ldirish markeriAutoFill: Excel continues a series such as 1, 2, 3 or the days of the week · avtoto‘ldirishwrap text: long text is shown on several lines inside one cell · matnni ko‘chirishmerge and center: neighbouring cells become one and the text is centred · katakni birlashtirish
Explanation

Thanks to references a formula does not have to be written again and again: it is written once and copied. There are three ways to copy: dragging the fill handle (the small square at the lower-right corner of a cell) with the mouse, Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V, and also Ctrl+D (fill the cell above downward) and Ctrl+R (fill the cell on the left to the right). When copying, Excel changes relative references according to how far they move and leaves the parts fixed with $ alone. That is why one formula with mixed references can be spread over a whole table. AutoFill continues a series from two starting numbers such as 1, 2, and also writes the days of the week and the names of months. To centre a table heading across several cells, use “Merge & Center” on the Home tab; to split long text into several lines inside a cell, use the “Wrap Text” button.

Worked examples
Powers of a number: A2:A4 hold 2, 3, 5 and B1:D1 hold the exponents 2, 3, 4. B2 gets =$A2^B$1, which is copied over the block. Result: row 2 shows 4, 8, 16; row 3 shows 9, 27, 81; row 4 shows 25, 125, 625.
Row totals: if E2 gets =SUM(B2:D2) and is dragged down to E5, E3 holds =SUM(B3:D3) and E5 holds =SUM(B5:D5). The same formula dragged to the right from B6 to D6 gives the column totals.
Class activity

“One formula – a whole table”: pairs build a 10 × 10 multiplication table by writing only one formula, and the teacher times it. The winner is the pair that writes the formula correctly with the fewest moves.

Practice
1
If A5 = 5 and D1 = 4, what does the formula =$A5^D$1 in D5 give?
2
Which key combination fills the content of the cell above downward?
3
If the formula =SUM(B2:D2) in E2 is copied to E5, how is it written?
4
Why is a mixed reference such as =$A2^B$1 used in the powers table?