Week 3 · Axis 1, Unit 1 Living Systems, Concept 1.1 Adaptation and Survival (C) · 3 lessons
1
How food travels through the body
Discovery Education Science P4: Term 1, Unit 1, pp. 19–33
GoalFollow food through the digestive system and say what each part does.
New words
digestion · breaking food into tiny parts the body can usestomach · a stretchy bag that squeezes and mixes food with strong juicesnutrients · useful parts of food that the body needs
Explanation
When you eat flatbread, your body must break it into tiny parts it can use. This job is done by the digestive system, a team of body parts. Your teeth cut and grind the food in your mouth, and saliva makes it wet. When you swallow, the food slides down the food pipe to the stomach. The stomach squeezes and mixes the food with strong stomach juices until it is a thick liquid. Next the food moves into the small intestine. There the nutrients pass into the blood, and the blood carries them to every part of the body. What the body cannot use goes into the large intestine, which takes back the water. The rest leaves the body as waste. The whole journey takes many hours.
Youssef chews a piece of bread for a long time. His teeth grind it into small pieces and saliva makes it soft, so it is easy to swallow.
In the stomach, bread is squeezed and mixed with stomach juices. It turns into a thick liquid, ready to move on.
Mariam eats an apple. In the small intestine, nutrients from the apple pass into her blood. The blood carries them to her muscles, which use them for energy.
Class activity
Chewing model. With a grown-up, put a whole dry biscuit in cup A and a biscuit crumbled by hand in cup B. Add the same amount of water to each and stir for 20 seconds. Which cup looks smoother? Chewing makes food small, so the stomach juices can reach more of it. Do not eat the biscuit from the cups. Wash your hands afterwards.
Practice
1
Which part squeezes and mixes food with strong juices?
The stomach.
2
What is missing in the path? Say its name.
mouth→?→stomach→small intestine
The food pipe.
3
Once nutrients are in the blood, where does the blood take them?
To every part of the body.
4
Give two reasons why chewing well is a good idea.
It breaks food into small pieces and mixes it with saliva, so the stomach can work on it more easily.