☰ Year plan · Communication Technology

Numbers behind sound, pictures and video

Week 5 · Chapter 6 Information Design (2): numerical calculations and complements, digitalization of sound, images, video and compression, information design (touched lightly) · 3 lessons
3

Designing information others can read

ICT Secondary 1 Term 1, Chapter 6, Lessons 6-5 to 6-10: pp. 65–84
GoalCompare graphical and command-line interfaces and choose a chart that suits the message.
New words
GUI · a graphical interface: windows, icons and pointingCUI · a command-line interface: you type commandsusability · how easily people can reach their goals with a designaccessibility · a design that people with different needs can all use
Explanation

Information must be designed so that others can read and use it. A graphical user interface (GUI) uses windows, icons and a pointer: it is easy to learn and shows choices. A command-line interface (CUI) takes typed commands: it needs learning, but it is fast and can be automated. Good design has usability, so people reach their goals easily, and accessibility, so people with different needs can also use it: enough contrast between text and background, a size that can be enlarged, and a text description for each picture. For charts, pick the type that fits the message. To compare amounts, use bars. To show change over time, use a line. To show parts of one whole, use a pie chart. Do not overload a picture: remove decoration that carries no information, use few colours, and label the axes and the units. Test your design with someone who has not seen it.

InterfaceYou…StrengthWeakness
GUIpoint and clickeasy to learnslower for repeated jobs
CUItype commandsfast, can be automatedneeds to be learned
Worked examples
0510152012345mark by week
Rana records her homework marks for five weeks: 12, 14, 13, 17, 18. The message is “my marks are rising over time”, so a line chart suits best. A pie chart would hide the order of the weeks.
MessageBest chart
parts of one wholepie chart
compare amountsbars
change over timeline
Choose the chart: (a) how a day’s 24 hours are shared between sleep, school and play: parts of a whole, so a pie chart; (b) the heights of five pupils: comparing amounts, so bars; (c) the temperature each hour: change over time, so a line.
Class activity

Choose a small set of facts about your class (for example how many pupils walk, take a bus or are driven to school; use invented numbers). Say what the message is, choose the best chart type, and sketch it with labels and units. Ask a classmate if it is easy to read.

Practice
1
Which interface needs typed commands?
2
Name two ways to make a design more accessible.
3
Which chart shows parts of one whole?
4
Why ask a fresh reader to try your design?