Lessons 35–36 · 2 lessons · E. Sariqov, B. Khaydarov. Foundations of Economics, Grade 8. “Huquq va Jamiyat” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2019
36
Review of Chapter VI
Textbook: pp. 148–151
GoalReviews Chapter VI: applies tax, kinds of tax, subject and object, kinds of rate, rights and duties together, calculates a simple tax and draws a conclusion on the importance of tax.
New words
tax: a compulsory payment set by law · soliqstate budget: the state’s plan of revenues and expenditures · davlat budjetitax rate: the amount or percent of tax per unit of the object · soliq stavkasideclaration: a report of income and tax submitted to the tax body · deklaratsiya
Explanation
In Chapter VI we studied the tax system. A tax is a compulsory payment set by law; its proceeds go to the state budget and are spent on education, health care, roads, security and pensions. Taxes are direct or indirect, state or local; their main law is the Tax Code. In tax relations there is a payer and a collector, and the tax object is income, property, land or goods. The rate may be proportional, progressive or regressive. The taxpayer has rights (advice, benefits, refund, complaint) and duties (register, pay on time, report). Honest tax payment benefits both oneself and society; hiding leads to punishment. Always check current rates and deadlines in an official source.
Worked examples
A family entrepreneur earned 96 000 000 so‘m in a year. At a conditional 12%: 96 000 000 · 12 : 100 = 11 520 000 so‘m. On average 11 520 000 : 12 = 960 000 so‘m of tax is paid per month. This money goes to the budget and is used for schools and roads.
Question: when an indirect tax is built into the price, who passes it to the state? Answer: the seller. Question: is getting overpaid tax refunded a taxpayer’s right or a duty? Answer: a right. Question: what is hiding tax? Answer: an offence.
Class activity
“Budget game”: the class divides a conditional “budget” of 10 000 000 so‘m among a school, a hospital, roads and pensions, builds a decision table and justifies its choice.
Practice
1
Give one example each of a direct and an indirect tax.
Direct – income tax; indirect – value added tax.
2
Income is 40 000 000 so‘m and tax 12%. How many so‘m is the tax?
4800000
3
A budget of 10 000 000 so‘m: 40% to a school, 30% to a hospital, 20% to roads and the rest to pensions. How many so‘m go to pensions?
1000000
4
Why is paying tax useful not only for the state but for every citizen?
Because tax finances services such as schools, hospitals, roads and security, which every person uses.