Evidence for the Earth’s rotation. Foucault’s pendulum
In 1851 the French physicist Léon Foucault hung a heavy pendulum on a long wire in Paris and showed that its plane of swing slowly turns relative to the ground. The pendulum keeps its plane of swing, but the Earth beneath it rotates, so the plane seems to turn for an observer. At geographic latitude φ the full turn takes T = 24 hours / sin φ; at the pole T = 24 hours, and at the equator the plane does not turn. Other evidence: the flattening of the Earth at the poles (equatorial radius ≈ 6378 km, polar ≈ 6357 km), the Coriolis force that turns winds and cyclones, the effect on eroded river banks, and the use of the Earth’s spin when rockets are launched eastward. At the equator the rotation speed is about 1670 km/h, and at the latitude of Tashkent (≈ 41°) it is considerably smaller.
Do not try the Foucault experiment at home (a heavy weight is dangerous). Instead watch a recording or a museum pendulum with an adult and note how the plane turns.