الأسبوع 11 · الدرس ٨ «تصميم قواعد البيانات» (١): مفهوم قاعدة البيانات وأهميتها ومزاياها والبيانات الضخمة · 3 دروس
2
Databases around us: school, hospital, shop
ICT Prep 1 Term 1, Lesson 8: pp. 75–77
GoalDescribe three invented databases and some uses of databases.
New words
record · all the data about one thing, such as one pupil or one productstock · the goods a shop keeps ready to selldata analysis · studying data to find patterns and answersscientific research · careful study to find out new facts, often with experiment data
Explanation
Databases are everywhere. A school keeps the records of its pupils: for each pupil there is a name, a class and a mark. A hospital keeps records of patients, such as the name, the doctor and the date of the last visit. Here we meet hospital records only as an idea, and we use no real patient data. A shop tracks its stock: the product, the maker, the date and the price. Databases are used in other places too. Websites use them to store information about users and products. Data analysis uses them to find answers. Scientific research stores the data of experiments in databases. Business programs keep customer records and stock records. In class we use only invented pupils, such as “Pupil 1”, and invented shops. Real names and personal data are never typed into practice tables.
A
B
C
1
Pupil
Class
Mark
2
Pupil 1
7 A
17
3
Pupil 2
7 A
14
4
Pupil 3
7 B
19
Worked examples
A
B
C
D
1
Product
Maker
Date
Price
2
Notebook
Maker A
1 Mar
12
3
Pencil
Maker B
5 Mar
3
4
Ruler
Maker A
2 Mar
6
A small shop keeps its stock in a table. The products are invented. The shop sees at once what is running low.
The shop counts its stock: 40 notebooks, 25 pencils and 10 rulers. In all there are 40 + 25 + 10 = 75 items. The chart shows that rulers are running low, so the shopkeeper decides to order more rulers.
A
B
C
1
Patient
Doctor
Last visit
2
Patient A
Doctor 1
(date)
3
Patient B
Doctor 2
(date)
This is an idea of a hospital database, with field names only and no real data. Notice that only some people are allowed to see such records; a database must protect them.
Class activity
Choose one kind of place (a pharmacy, a football club, a bus company). On paper, design the header of a table with four columns that this place would need. Add two invented rows. Then write one sentence about who should be allowed to see this table.
Practice
1
What is a record?
All the data about one thing, such as one pupil or one product.
2
Name two fields that a shop stock table needs.
For example: product, maker, date, price.
3
A shop has 40 notebooks, 25 pencils and 10 rulers. How many items are in stock? Which item is lowest?
