☰ Contents · Physics

The Ampère force

Lessons 53–54 · 2 lessons · P.Q. Habibullayev, A. Boydedayev, A.D. Bahromov, J.E. Usarov, K.T. Suyarov, M.K. Yuldasheva. Physics, textbook for Grade 8 of general secondary schools, revised and enlarged 3rd edition. “O‘qituvchi” Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2019
54

Problem solving

Textbook: pp. 151–152
GoalKnow the interaction of parallel currents, the definition of the ampere and solve problems on the Ampère force.
New words
parallel currents · parallel toklarampere · amperinteraction · o‘zaro ta’sirproblem solving · masala yechish
Explanation

If currents flow in the same direction in parallel straight conductors, they attract; if they flow in opposite directions, they repel: each is in the magnetic field of the other. This interaction was the basis for defining the unit of current: formerly 1 A was defined as the current that, flowing in two infinitely long parallel conductors 1 m apart in vacuum, gives a force of 2·10⁻⁷ N on each metre of length (in today’s SI the ampere is defined through the elementary charge, but its value did not change). In problems first find the needed quantity from F = BIl: F = BIl, I = F/(Bl), l = F/(BI). Check the force direction with the left-hand rule. The formula is written for a current perpendicular to the field lines; at other angles the force is smaller.

Worked examples
B = 0.4 T, F = 1.2 N, l = 0.5 m: I = F : (B·l) = 1.2 : (0.4 · 0.5) = 6 A.
B = 0.2 T, I = 10 A, F = 1 N: l = F : (B·I) = 1 : (0.2 · 10) = 0.5 m.
Class activity

Make your own problem: choose B, I and l and ask for F; then solve an inverse problem with another unknown. Work in your notebook only.

Practice
1
How do parallel currents in the same direction interact?
2
F = 2 N, B = 0.5 T, l = 0.4 m. What is I in A?
3
F = 3 N, B = 1.5 T, I = 4 A. What is l in m?
4
Why do parallel currents in opposite directions repel?