Oceania
Oceania is a world of thousands of islands scattered over the central and western Pacific; land is only about 2 % of the area and the rest is water, hence the name Oceania. The total land area of the islands is about 1.3 million km², and over 80 % of it is on two islands (New Guinea and the islands of New Zealand). It is divided into three parts: Melanesia (“black islands”: New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon, New Caledonia), Micronesia (“small islands”: Mariana, Caroline, Marshall, Gilbert) and Polynesia (“many islands”: Hawaii, Samoa, Tahiti, Easter Island). By origin the islands are continental (New Guinea, New Zealand), volcanic (Hawaii, Easter Island), geosynclinal, and biogenic (coral) islands — atolls. Oceania’s highest point is Puncak Jaya on New Guinea (about 4 884 m). The Hawaiian volcano Mauna Kea measured from its base on the ocean floor is about 10 200 m — the tallest mountain in the world. Minerals: nickel in New Caledonia, gold, oil and gas in New Guinea, phosphate on Nauru (mostly exhausted). Europeans learned of Oceania after Magellan’s voyage (1521); J. Cook mapped many islands; N. Miklouho-Maclay lived among the Papuans in New Guinea in 1871–1883.
“Oceania’s islands”: colour the three parts in three colours on the map and write 2 island names for each part.