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Chapter I

Basics of practical astronomy (with the introduction)

1Introduction to astronomy. The daily motion of the skyLessons 1–3 2The celestial sphere and the eclipticLessons 4–5 3Celestial coordinates, maps and magnitudesLessons 6–8 4Height of the pole and the sky at different latitudesLessons 9–10 5Culmination and finding latitudeLessons 11–12 6Measuring time and calendarsLessons 13–14 7The Moon, calendars and eclipsesLessons 15–17

Chapter II

Structure of the Solar System and motion of celestial bodies

8Views of the world’s structure. Scale of the Solar SystemLessons 18–19 9Planetary configurations and periodsLessons 20–21 10Parallax and the sizes of bodiesLessons 22–23 11Astronomical units and Kepler’s lawsLessons 24–25 12Calculating masses and cosmic velocitiesLessons 26–27

Chapter III

Astrophysics and its research methods

13Electromagnetic radiation and optical telescopesLessons 28–29 14Telescope characteristics and radio astronomyLessons 30–31 15Ulugh Beg’s observatory and radiation lawsLessons 32–33

Chapter IV

The physical nature of Solar System bodies

16The Sun and its photosphereLessons 34–35 17The solar atmosphere and the source of its energyLessons 36–37 18Solar activity and the inner planetsLessons 38–39 19The Earth, Moon, Mars and the giant planetsLessons 40–41 20Asteroids, dwarf planets and cometsLessons 42–43 21Meteors and the origin of the Solar SystemLessons 44–45

Chapter V

Stars

22Distances to stars and their sizesLessons 46–47 23Star colour and absolute magnitudeLessons 48–49 24Stellar spectra and the Hertzsprung–Russell diagramLessons 50–51 25Binary stars and their massesLessons 52–53 26Variable stars and stellar evolutionLessons 54–55

Chapter VI

Structure and evolution of the Universe

27Our Galaxy and star clustersLessons 56–57 28Nebulae and external galaxiesLessons 58–59 29Quasars, the expanding Universe and large-scale structureLessons 60–62

Part II

Elements of astronautics (introduction)

30Elements of astronautics: history and rocket motionLessons 63–64

☰ Contents · Astronomy

Grade 11›Astronomy›Week 28

Nebulae and external galaxies

Lessons 58–59 · 2 lessons · M. Mamadazimov. Astronomy Grade 11, 1st edition. DAVR NASHRIYOTI, Tashkent, 2018

Lesson 58 Lesson 59 Quiz8 Homework5

← PreviousWeek 28 · Lesson 59: External galaxies. Classes and spectra of galaxies Next →Week 28 · Homework

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