الأسبوع 9 · الوحدة 4 «وقت الشاشة» (أ): نص عن وقت الشاشة (للقراءة في الكتاب فقط) وكلمات الجسدي والترفيه والخبير والتوازن والمفيد والاستماع إلى نص عن العادات الذكية (بنص نقرؤه بصوت عالٍ) والأفعال الناقصة (must وmustn’t وcan وcan’t وshould) وأدوات الربط للتناقض ونص شخصي عن خطة استخدام الهاتف (للقراءة في الكتاب فقط) · 3 دروس
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Rules and choices: listening, modals and connectors
English Preparatory 3 Term 1, Unit 4: pp. 59–64
GoalListen to a set of rules and use must, mustn’t, don’t have to, can and should, and the contrast words although, even though, while and on one hand … on the other hand.
New words
focused · giving all your attention to one thingdistraction · something that takes your attention awayswitch off · to turn a machine or phone offforbidden · not allowedpermission · the right to do something that a person allows you to docontrast · a clear difference between two things
Explanation
Listen to the rules once for the general idea and again for the exact words, because a small word changes the meaning. Modal verbs are followed by the base verb. Must shows a strong rule or duty: You must wear a seat belt. Mustn’t shows that something is forbidden: You mustn’t use your phone in the exam. Don’t have to means that something is not necessary: You don’t have to come on Friday. Can gives permission or shows ability, and can’t is the opposite: You can borrow two books. Should gives advice: You should rest your eyes. Notice that mustn’t and don’t have to are very different. Contrast words join two ideas that are different or surprising. Although and even though are followed by a clause and are never used with but in the same sentence: Although it was late, I finished my work. While shows two different things at the same time: While Dalia likes games, her brother prefers sport. The pair On one hand … / On the other hand … lets you show both sides of an issue.
Modal
Meaning
Example
must
strong rule or duty
You must switch off your phone.
mustn’t
forbidden
You mustn’t talk loudly.
don’t have to
not necessary
You don’t have to finish the book.
can / can’t
permission (or ability)
You can borrow two books.
should / shouldn’t
advice
You should rest your eyes.
Worked examples
Welcome to the quiet reading hour, everyone. Please listen to the rules. You must switch off your phone and put it in your bag, because a phone is a distraction. You mustn’t talk loudly, because others are trying to stay focused. You can borrow two books for a week, but you don’t have to finish them. You should rest your eyes every half hour by looking out of the window. Although the hour is short, many students say that it is the best part of their week.
Listen to the rules of a quiet reading hour. A grown-up reads them aloud once or twice. Then answer the questions in the practice section.
Contrast words in the talk: Although the hour is short, many students say that it is the best part of their week. The comma comes after the although-clause, and there is no but.
Contrast with while: While my cousin likes quiet games, I prefer fast ones. On one hand, screens help us to learn; on the other hand, too much time tires the eyes.
Now you. Say one rule for your school with must or mustn’t, and one sentence with although about your week.
Class activity
Rule poster. With a partner, plan a poster of six rules for a quiet study room, using must, mustn’t, can, should and don’t have to once each. Add one sentence with although. Read the poster to a grown-up, who says which rule is a strong rule, which is advice and which is permission.
Practice
1
Listen again (a grown-up reads the talk). Why must students switch off their phones?
Because a phone is a distraction.
2
True or false: Students have to finish their books in a week.
False. The speaker says they don’t have to finish them.
3
Choose: In the exam hall, you ___ talk to other students. It is forbidden. (mustn’t / don’t have to / should)
mustn’t. It is forbidden.
4
Choose: It is Friday, so we ___ wear a uniform. We can wear what we like. (don’t have to / mustn’t / must)
don’t have to. It is not necessary.
5
Choose: My eyes hurt after two hours of games. I think I ___ take a break. (should / mustn’t / can’t)
should. It is advice.
6
Choose: ___ the film was long, we enjoyed it. (Although / But / So)
Although. It shows contrast.
7
Correct the mistake: Although I was tired, but I finished my homework.
Although I was tired, I finished my homework. We do not use but with although.
8
Choose: Some students prefer games, ___ others prefer sport. (while / because / so)
