Two-digit multiplication and remainders

Sometimes things do not share out exactly. 47 ÷ 6: the biggest multiple of 6 that fits in 47 is 6 × 7 = 42. So there are 7 full groups and 47 − 42 = 5 are left. We write 47 ÷ 6 = 7 remainder 5, or 7 R 5. The remainder is always smaller than the divisor, otherwise we could make one more group. We check by multiplying and adding: 6 × 7 + 5 = 47. In a story we must think about what the remainder means. If we only count full groups, we use the quotient. If everyone must have a place, we need one more group. For 50 pupils and microbuses that seat 14, 50 ÷ 14 = 3 R 8, so 3 full microbuses are not enough and we need 4. For 100 LE and notebooks at 30 LE, 100 ÷ 30 = 3 R 10: we can buy 3 notebooks and 10 LE is left.